Green Technology is the term for any application of science towards improving the relationship between human technology involvement and the impact this has on the environment and natural resources. Generally green technology is supposed to conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. Sustainable development is the core of this concept. When applying sustainable development as a solution for environmental issues, the solutions need to be socially equitable, economically viable, and environmentally sound.

The main objectives of application of green technologies are • Sustainability – meeting the needs of society in ways that can continue indefinitely into the future without damaging or depleting natural resources. • Creating products that can be fully reclaimed or re-used. • Reducing waste and pollution by changing the patterns of production and consumption • Developing alternatives to technologies – whether its fossil fuel or chemical intensive agriculture – that have been demonstrated to damage health and the environment. • Creating a center of economic activity around technologies and products that benefit the environment In India there are number of R & D scientific organizations viz Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Conventional Universities, Agricultural Universities, Baba Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and number of private industrial research agencies which are contributing in developing one or other technology which is rather eco-friendly and can be defined as green technology. Depending on the necessity and challenges that are required for the overall development of the rural sector we need to bring in and implement at least some of the green technologies in such locations. For this purpose financial and other infrastructure support including human resource is very much needed for applications of green technologies. Integration of such support and technological applications will definitely stimulate growth and overall development of the rural sector. Today we have number of green technologies namely renewable energy from wind, water, tidal energy, solar energy, development of bio-fuels from natural resources, bio-gas plants, bio-fertilizers, bio-manures, bio-pesticides, bio-waste recycling, bio-conservation, cattle farming and aquaculture, dairy and dairy products, pollution control and water purification, water conservation, rejuvenation technique for plantation and development of forest etc. It is necessary that we need to identify location specific technologies depending on rural resources. Community based management mode need to be encouraged while implementing technologies to bring overall development of rural sector. All these aspects are discussed in the present communication. Introduction: Green technology is not just something of the present; but it has history and is going to play a big role in the future. “The term ‘technology’ refers to the application of knowledge for practical purposes and green technology means a method of products designed to protect our environment from various vagaries whether it is natural or due to human interventions.

Today we are living in the age of technology, but we are not living in the environmentally “cleanest” era. In the 21st century we need to look into the future and prepare for a cleaner environment with the impact of human involvement. Although we do not hear a lot about the history of green technology there is a long time line of ideas. For example, since 1000 B.C., Asia and Europe began harnessing and advancing wind energy, developing more efficient and newer windmills. When this idea reached America in the 1850′s it was used to provide fresh water to irrigate the farms and drinking water for the livestock. “During the late 19th century, Charles Brush was able to develop the first wind powered turbine that generated electricity in the United States.” (http://www.cn-friendtech.com, 2010). The United States EPA’s (Environmental Protection Agency) Energy Star Program was one of the most important landmarks in green technology in 1992. Another important landmark was the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which was aimed at reducing carbon emissions. “The Earth’s climate continues to change, and biological diversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate, undermining the ecological basis for sustainable development (Watson, R., 2010).” With all the pollutants that we constantly put in the air, in the water, and all over the streets/ground, the world is being suffocated. All the trees that we are constantly cutting down to make new subdivisions, and new businesses, are taking away from our oxygen supply which, again, makes it harder for our planet. We are losing rain forests, wetlands, coral reefs, and much more, at substantial rates and have no way to get them back to normal again. Green house gas emissions have been a huge problem for many years. Industrialization and urbanization in many cities and towns have created vulnerable environmental conditions which are not suitable to sustain our life for longer time. Therefore, in order to revert back the whole process of establishing green and clean environment we need to emphasize on use of green technology in all spheres wherever possible.

The impact of green technologies on sustainable development, besides creating employment opportunities, income generation and societal development particularly in rural sector is also well known. What is required today is proper guidance and directions to the rural masses, awareness and capacity building programmes, involvement of women force and unemployed youth in GT activities. Banks and other financial corporate should also come forward with microfinance schemes to support for implementation of GT. Today we have number of viable GTs in the areas of energy, oil and fuel, agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries and aquaculture, water harvesting and management, environment and forest, pollution whether air, water or land, biodiversity and conservation etc. Even in the area of engineering, efforts are being made to devise technologies which are eco-friendly and compatible to the green or Mother Nature.

With the way the economy is going, global warming is becoming a detrimental issue for society Advances in green technology have progressed but there is concern for increasing the use of renewable energy. Not only does the government has control over the steps to take care of this matter, society plays a big role in actually making a difference. There are several programs in place that monitor and create ways to enhance earth’s environmental health. Whether in the workplace, at school, or at home, there are strategies that benefit communities worldwide. Let’s take a look at what’s being done to protect the environment from global warming, eliminating greenhouse gases, and preventing environmental health issues that greatly affect climate change. The most commonly known green technologies are solid waste management, recycling, water purification, and renewable energy. Solid waste is commonly known as unwanted waste or garbage including recyclables and composting substances It has been estimated that India generates 140,000 tonnes of solid waste every day of which only 8% to 9% is scientifically disposed of. However there is a huge potential for recycling and reprocessing the waste and turning it into something useful. According to the Central Pollution Control Board solid waste generation in our country is 300-500 gm per head per day, and it is higher in metropolitan cities. Municipalities in India spend a negligible amount of their budget on solid waste management with the majority share being used for administrative purpose. There is a lack of public awareness about scientific disposal and segregation of recyclable and non-recyclable waste. If each sector house hold , community, municipality and reprocessors take out some time to segregate solid waste, most of the problems faces in solid waste management can be solved. Therefore, through waste There are a large variety of ecological services in place to meet environmental and regulatory demands. With ongoing program implementation, waste management efforts can minimize environmental impact and offer renewable energy solutions and clean environment Available viable green technologies for implimentation Top five green technological breakthroughs in recent past which have started making impact not only in urban areas but in semi-urban areas are: Dynamic buildings Tubercle blades Micro-algae Wave and tidal power Solar thermal energy However, renewable energy has become an important issue today as environmental concerns and when there is need to drive down cost, the same increases. Resources from nature that are “naturally replenished” are used to create energy sources including wind, solar, bio fuel and others. These renewable energy forms are growing in use globally and provide utilities with the ability to offer energy for fewer costs. The natural element of Wind is important today as we look for alternative energy sources. Wind power is created when the wind energy converts to other forms of energy like electricity, fuel, and power. Wind power can be created using wind turbines, wind mills, wind pumps, wind farms. The use of sunlight to create electricity is becoming increasingly popular as more and more people look to cut costs and become environmentally aware. Solar power converts sunlight into electricity and is used to power small Devices as well as entire homes today. Solar power can be created through photovoltaics (PV) – a method that converts solar radiation into electricity using solar panels. Concentrated solar power (CSP) can also create electricity by using lenses or mirrors to focus a beam of sunlight and create heat to a source that’s also connected to a power generator

Green Builders Structural builders focused solely on Green practices have emerged today as greener living becomes a critical focus across the world. From taking small steps to reduce waste, to more efficiently using earth’s resources, green builders are tasked with selecting building materials and creating structures that serve to reduce the overall impact on the environment. Green builders focus on more conscious use of natural resources and green practices from the design, construction, operation and overall life of the structures they build. Research has shown that the productivity of employees increases when working in a green office. It has been reported that tenants living/working in green buildings experience increased productivity and fewer sick days. Therefore, in India too has the second largest stock of rated green buildings in the world, second only to US.

Most of the fossil fuels that we use are biological in nature. Perhaps bio-fuel is one that does not add to the stock of total carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The bio-fuels are therefore considered to be “CO2 neutral”, not adding to the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere. The type of bio-fuel used will depend on a number of factors, chief amongst them being the available feedstock and the energy that can be used locally. Bio-diesel Bio diesel was probably the first of the alternative fuels to really become known to the public. The great advantage of bio-diesel is that it can be used in existing vehicles with little or no adaptation necessary. Bio-diesel is, naturally, a compromise for this reason, but still balances positively on the energy scales. There are energy plants available that will produce a higher yield in kW per area, but the simplicity of having a fuel that is fully compatible with present fuel and engine technology makes it very attractive. Cars running on Bio-ethanol, which is produced from agricultural crops, sugar cane or bio-mass, are governed by the same law of physics as those using gasoline. That means both emit CO2, as an inevitable consequence of the combustion process. But there is a crucial difference: burning ethanol, in effect, recycles the CO2 because it has already been removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis during the natural growth process. In contrast, the use of gasoline or diesel injects into the atmosphere additional new quantities of CO2 which have lain fixed underground in oil deposits for millions of years. Bio-gas Biogas is becoming increasingly interesting as an alternative to natural gas. It is especially useful that the composition is practically identical, so the same burners can be used for both fuels. Biogas can be produced from plant or animal waste, or a combination of both. There are many different methods used dependent on the starting material and quantity involved. A mixture of both has proven to be the best method. The animal waste produces the nitrogen needed for growth of the bacteria and the vegetable waste supplies most of the carbon and hydrogen necessary. 

 Biomass can be a practicable alternative for small district heating schemes in rural areas. Traditional biomass is wood residue and excess straw from agriculture being burned to provide heat or power. There are also gasification plants that produce a gas composed mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from plant material. This has the advantage of being capable of transportation by pipeline or being filled into cylinders for distribution. Pyrolyis, as it is known, is being investigated in many countries presently. Pyrolysis of biomass is used to produce a mixture of three combustible products from biomass: tar, gas and coke are formed in varying proportions. After cleaning the gas can be used to drive turbines or gas motors. The tar is also suitable for the plastics industry and the coke can also be burned in the conventional way.

Landfill sites are now being used for the commercial production of methane in many areas instead of simply flaring the gas for safety reasons. Methane is produced in commercially viable quantities for many years after a landfill site has been closed. Nevertheless, there are still many landfill sites where the gas is being wasted. This source will dry up in time to come, since many countries are now finally emphasizing the separation of waste and recycling, but there is gas for the next twenty years in the landfill sites presently existing. The methane digester is a plant to produce methane in the form of biogas from plant and animal waste. Such systems are common in certain countries, such as India, but sorely neglected in others, although the raw material is available everywhere.

Bio-fertilizers Bio-fertilizers are preparations containing living cells or latent cells of efficient strains of microorganisms that help crop plants’ uptake of nutrients by their interactions in the rhizosphere when applied through seed or soil. They accelerate certain microbial processes in the soil which augment the extent of availability of nutrients in a form easily assimilated by plants. Very often microorganisms are not as efficient in natural surroundings as one would expect them to be and therefore artificially multiplied cultures of efficient selected microorganisms play a vital role in accelerating the microbial processes in soil. Use of biofertilizer is one of the important components of integrated nutrient management, as they are cost effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement the chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Several microorganisms and their association with crop plants are being exploited in the production of biofertilizer. They can be grouped in different ways based on their nature and function.

Bio-pesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. For example, canola oil and baking soda have pesticidal applications and are considered bio-pesticides. At the end of 2001, there were approximately 195 registered bio-pesticide active ingredients and 780 products. Bio-pesticides fall into three major classes: 1 Microbial pesticides consist of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) as the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest[s]. For example, there are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill specific insects. 2 The most widely used microbial pesticides are subspecies and strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt. Each strain of this bacterium produces a different mix of proteins, and specifically kills one or a few related species of insect larvae. While some Bt’s control moth larvae found on plants, other Bt’s are specific for larvae of flies and mosquitoes. The target insect species are determined by whether the particular Bt produces a protein that can bind to a larval gut receptor, thereby causing the insect larvae to starve. 3 Plant-Incorporated-Protectants (PIPs) are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic material that has gene for the Bt pesticidal protein, and introduce the gene into the plant’s own genetic material. Then the plant, instead of the Bt bacterium, manufactures the substance that destroys the pest. The protein and its genetic material, but not the plant itself, are regulated by EPA. Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones that interfere with mating as well as various scented plant extracts that attract insect pests to traps. Because it is sometimes difficult to determine whether a substance meets the criteria for classification as a biochemical pesticide. Biopesticides are usually inherently less toxic than conventional pesticides.They generally affect only the target pest and closely related organisms, in contrast to broad spectrum, conventional pesticides that may affect organisms as different as birds, insects, and mammals. Biopesticides often are effective in very small quantities and often decompose quickly, thereby resulting in lower exposures and largely avoiding the pollution problems caused by conventional pesticides. When used as a component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, biopesticides can greatly decrease the use of conventional pesticides, while crop yields remain high. To use biopesticides effectively, however, users need to know a great deal about managing pests.  Vermicompost is a preferred nutrient source for organic farming. It is eco-friendly, non-toxic, consumes low energy input for composting and is a recycled biological product.

Vermicompost is the product of composting utilizing various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. Vermicast, also known as worm castings, worm humus or worm manure, is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by species of earthworm. The earthworm species (or composting worms) most often used are Red Wigglers (Eisenia foetida or Eisenia andrei), though European nightcrawlers (Eisenia hortensis) could also be used. Red wigglers are recommended by most vermiculture experts as they have some of the best appetites and breed very quickly. Users refer to European nightcrawlers by a variety of other names, including dendrobaenas, dendras, and nightcrawlers. This compost is an odorless, clean, organic material containing adequate quantities of N, P, K and several micronutrients essential for plant growth. Recycling of waste Recycling is processing used materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from land filling) by reducing the need for “conventional” waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to virgin production.[

 Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy. Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics. Although similar in effect, the composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste – such as food or garden waste – is not typically considered recycling.[2] Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials bound for manufacturing. Green Technologies and rural development Number of green technologies today are in operation both in urban and rural areas creating a great deal of impact on social change and clean environment. Among them a solar photovoltaics (PV) in India has transformed the lives of approximately 100,000 people living in poverty-stricken rural regions by providing several hours of uninterrupted lighting every night. This study was conducted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) with an objective to facilitate household financing for solar home systems. Its success has inspired satellite programs to improve energy access in Algeria, China, Egypt, Ghana, Indonesia, and Mexico. In the absence of alternative energy sources and plagued by the unreliability of local electricity grids, many rural regions in India have had to rely on polluting kerosene lamps and household stoves to meet lighting needs. According to UNEP, a single wick of kerosene can burn up to 80 liters of fuel, emitting more than 250 kilograms of carbon dioxide per year. In developing countries, the use of kerosene and other “dirty” fossil fuels for indoor lighting is responsible for 64 percent of deaths and 81 percent of lifelong disabilities from indoor pollution for children under the age of five. Other studies report that while kerosene and similar fuels contribute 20 percent of global lighting expenses, they supply only 0.1 percent of lighting energy services. The largest barrier to the switch to solar in developing countries has been the lack of financing for clean energy in poor communities. In rural India, where the word ‘electricity’ is still a dream, millions of people do not have access to electricity in their homes and to provide access to electricity in these rural areas through other means, renewable energy like wind power is among the least cost and most feasible solution. In our country, the Mega-size Windmills with blade diameters ranging from 27 m to 54 m has taken off in a big way. However, the concept of harnessing wind power through small size Windmills is still nascent in our country. Small size wind mills with 3 to 6m (10 to 20 ft) blade diameter is one of the most adaptable, flexible and easy to use technology for generating sustainable and cheap electricity. This system is capable of producing power ranging from 500 watts to 5 Kew with an estimated daily electrical energy output of around 4 -10 KW under a mean wind speed of 5 – 10 meter/sec. At places experiencing higher wind speed conditions, the power output may even peak to 7-8 KW albeit for shorter periods. This output is considered sufficient to meet the daily energy requirements of an average rural household, which is normally limited to 2-3 KW per day. The landholding in rural India being very small, a windmill in each farm will not only light up every household but may also make these villages totally self reliant in electricity for water pumping and other agricultural needs. In terms of economics, the capital cost of a large windmill is around Rs 5.5 crore per MW, which translates to approximately Rs 60,000 per KW. In comparison, with a little impetus from the Govt of India towards exploitation of small hybrid wind power technology, the capital cost of a small windmill can be tailored around Rs. 80,000 per KW. For reliable supply of power in remote locations or inaccessible rural areas it is also possible and sometimes necessary to design and set up hybrid system, which combines the advantages of two different energy technologies. These could be either two renewable technologies or a renewable and a conventional energy or fossil technology – a renewable energy (RE) system, say Photo Voltaic or wind, to take care of base load requirements and the conventional systems (say diesel generator) to supplement for peak load requirement. An integrated hybrid system would ensure that power supply can be maintained at an optimum level during cloudy days (for PV system) or low wind conditions (for wind electric generators). Tamil Nadu is the state with the most wind generating capacity: 4906.74 MW at the end of the March 2010. Not far from Aralvaimozhi, the Muppandal wind farm, the largest in the subcontinent, is located near the once impoverished village of Muppandal, supplying the villagers with electricity for work. The village had been selected as the showcase for India’s billion clean energy program which provides foreign companies with tax breaks for establishing fields of wind turbines in the area. Maharashtra is second only to Tamil Nadu in terms of generating capacity. Suzlon has been heavily involved. Suzlon operates what was once Asia’s largest wind farm, the Vankusawade Wind Park (201 MW), near the Koyna reservoir in Satara district of Maharashtra. The Gujarat government, which is banking heavily on wind power, has identified Samana as an ideal location for installation of 450 turbines that can generate a total of 360 MW. To encourage investment in wind energy development in the state, the government has introduced a raft of incentives including a higher wind energy tariff. Samana has a high tension transmission grid and electricity generated by wind turbines can be fed into it. For this purpose, a substation at Sadodar has been installed. Both projects are being executed by Enercon Ltd, a joint venture between Enercon of Germany and Mumbai-based Mehra group. There are many small wind farms in Karnataka, making it one of the states in India which has a high number of wind mill farms. Chitradurga, Gadag are some of the districts where there are a large number of Windmills. Chitradurga alone has over 20000 wind turbines. In consideration of unique concept, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh has sanctioned another 15 MW project to MPWL at Nagda Hills near Dewas. All the 25 WEGs have been commissioned on 31.03.2008 and under successful operation. The first wind farm of the Kerala state was set up at Kanjikode in Palakkad district. It has a generating capacity of 23.00 MW. A new wind farm project was launched with private participation at Ramakkalmedu in Idukki district.

Looking at the importance of biofertilizers, the Government of India launched “National Project on Development and use of biofertilizers in 1983″ Currently more than 100 biofertilizers production units are engaged in commercial production of biofertilizers in India. The poor consumption of biofertilizers in India is due to constraints like poor shelf life, inadequate storage facility. Bio pesticides have been viewed as sound alternative as there are presently 400 biopesticides production unit and the two most popular biopesticides are Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and neem preparation. It has been observed that by using biofertilizers application, the agricultural yield increases between 11 to 16.7 percent. Many farmers are now switching over to use biofertilizer and biopesticdes instead of chemical fertilizers in their agriculture fields to attain sustainable and healthy crop production with better yield. With the societies demand over environmental safety there has also been an increase in the price of chemical insecticides and the resistance of insects to these products. Need has also arisen to reduce residues of toxic chemicals in foodstuffs, especially those for export markets. A strong increase in the sales of organic food as consumers become more health conscious and concerned over their food coupled with higher buying power leading to increase in non-chemical crop protection and total crop care. Green inputs into agriculture include bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, compost, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), green manure etc. As most of these inputs are either not traded and even if they are traded, it is only at informal levels available information regarding production capacity, demand and sales is at best sketchy estimation and hence inadequate. Out of all the green inputs biopesticide and biofertilizer holds a position of importance in the agricultural scenario of India.

Biopesticides in Agriculture are important because • Inherently they are less  harmful than conventional pesticides • Suppress, rather than eliminate, a pest population • Effective and often quickly biodegradable and Present no residue problems. • Mostly self perpetuating

Waste management in India is contributing to a growing problem of disposal that doesn’t have a strong solution in the immediate future. With no proper Indian policies put into place that examine and identify waste in ways that involve recovery and minimizing the impact on humanity and the environment, there exists a trend towards pollution that may expand and get out of hand. Leading researchers and analysts predict that at the rate India is currently going, the country will go from producing less than 40,000 tons of waste annually to over 125,000 tons by the year 2030. This is a tremendous jump in a short period of time, and the problems of the country would aggravate unless proper policy and implementation plans should be in place. . In developed countries such as America, there’s a cyclic process involved that treats waste in a way that minimizes its impact on the environment while getting the most out of it in terms of recycling and energy.

Rural electrification is huge market (around 50% of rural households don’t have access to electricity). The opportunities exist in form of Solar, biomass installations on community levels to micro-utility projects. As per IFC (International Finance Corporation) study rural households in India are most reliable in paying for services. Rural India is commercially viable as shown by telecom sector (30% of new phone connections in India are in rural areas) Rural cooking products. 76% of rural households use wood based choolahs for cooking. Any technology which can improve energy efficiency would be in huge demand. This includes things like EIS (Energy Information System), and smart metering to efficient energy storage technologies. Energy Information systems and real time information systems would be required in utilities to commercial and residential complexes. Technologies like Light Emitting Diodes (LED) would be in demand for energy saving. The cost barriers have to be lowered by economy of scale. Energy efficiency would be necessitated in many countries for compliance reasons, opening up market for new innovative solutions for energy saving. Information and communication technology would be heavily used for energy efficiency and carbon monitoring, creating opportunity in these sectors. Carbon capture and reuse (CCR) solutions , carbon trading and financing, energy audits etc are other opportunities Water and energy are interrelated. Water is biggest problems in India waiting to be solved. 70% of Indian doesn’t have access to safe drinking water. Rural India uses ponds and bore well. Rural India can pay for safe drinking water by setting up of micro-water plants in villages. Water Supply efficiency can be enhanced (30-40% water in urban areas lost in distribution) by building water infrastructure in urban and semi-urban areas, rain water harvesting, waste water treatment, recycling in industries, towns and cities. 

 In order to popularize green technologies in rural sector, at present number of research organizations have focused their R & D activities in following areas • How to reduce the cost and size of solar plants • Need to develop solar thermal power plants and its economics • Trapping energy from wind, tidal waves and marketing • Use of solid waste for production of energy and biofertilizer • Improve quality of biofertilizer and biopesticides • Develop green fuel from various bio-resources Research and Development required Many of the green technologies that are available today we are unable to implement them on large scale due to several technical reasons. Cost effectiveness, quality of the product, lack of financial support, technical expertise, capacity building and man power are some the major constrains where there is a need to do large amount of research work. Following are some of the niche areas of R& D activities for investigation • Solar thermal power • Wave and tidal power • Wind energy • Bioremediation of environment • Algal cultivation and harvesting for bio-fuels • Economics of solar energy • Innovations in bio-fertlizer • Renewable energy resources • Innovation in water conservation • Water pollution treatment through modern science • Innovations in bio-fuels and bio-gas • Innovations in bio-pesticides • Air pollution control • Nanotechnology needs to be tailored for various purposes • Use of nanotechnology to reduce pollution, conserve resources and build clean economy • Nanotech with green chemistry and green engineering holds the key to build an environmentally sustainable society

India’s has large untapped market in energy, water, most of which doesn’t depend upon government regulations. Unlike west, India has energy/water deficit, creating opportunities to plug the gap through greentech. Creating Superior technology or superior access to customers is going to be the key. Clean technology entrepreneurs have to think of scale. 20* 5 MW plants not 1 MW plant. Currently there are very few green technology entrepreneurs in India Rural market is active. Think of delivery networks for electrification and water supply and other such services. In short clean technology or Green technology is going to be big in future. It is going to make commercial sense than just emotional and environmental sense. There is no way but clean way in future. Cost in future would not be just cost as we know today but total cost of ownership. Anything which we have designed till now can potentially be redesigned for efficiency. Carbon foot reduction would mean re-looking at entire supply chain of products. There would be opportunities in chain for efficiency and CC reduction which can translate into commercial gains. Some Indian Greentech Startups There are many industries who have taken initiative in developing green technologies. For example • Axon Biogencis – Waste to energy • Energos technologies – Energy management and Control system • EnNatura -Clean material Startup • GridPlex – Internet based smart grid solution • Nandan biomatrix Limited – Jatropha based bio-diesel production • Sedemac Mechtronics – Energy efficient products for automotive business • Surya ventures – Biomass coogeneration systemBottom of Form Strategies and action plan • Need to establish National Green Technology Council to accelerate the development of green technology in the country. • Formulate strategies and policies as well as provide direction for the implementation of Green Technology • To create awareness of clean technologies and their applications in rural sector for overall development, we need to focus on higher education in green technology • To monitor the effectiveness of the implementation of the National Green Technology Policy • To lead initiatives in the area of Green Technology in the country • Strengthening of the institutional framework 

 In conclusion, green technology can definitely create an impact on overall development of urban, semi-urban and also rural sector in particular. It will also strengthen economy and social status of the community particularly people who are living below poverty line. By implementing GT there will be ample opportunities for employment and income generating ways and means for poor people. Natural resources can also be conserved and maintained on sustainable basis. In this context Professor A P J Abdul kalam, has said, “I have visited hundreds of cities across the world but not one of them comes close to my ideal. So what is the profile of my dream city. It have a population of not more than five million, generate its own power through green resources, be a vibrant economy where every one has access to clean energy and clean water, use bio-fuel and insist on rain harvesting, and is full of parks and trees. It should be the flag bearer of eco-friendly habitats, which aim at complete carbon neutrality”.